What is the difference between haemophilia and anaemia

Some patients will need regular replacement therapy in order to prevent bleeding. This is called prophylactic therapy. Others receive demand therapy, a treatment that is given only after bleeding begins and remains uncontrollable. Complications from treatment of hemophilia are possible, such as developing antibodies to treatments and viral infections from human clotting factors.

Damage to joints, muscles, and other body parts can occur if treatment is delayed. Other treatments, for moderate forms of hemophilia A, include desmopressin, a man-made hormone that stimulates the release of stored factor VIII, and antifibrinolytic medicines that prevent clots from breaking down. In , the U. Rixubis, a lab produced blood factor IX, aims to prevent and control excessive bleeding by replacing the clotting factor missing or in low levels in hemophilia B patients.

In the future, gene therapies may be available. There is no way to cure hemophilia, but there are ways to reduce the risk of excessive bleeding and to protect joints. As preventive treatment, a patient may receive regular injections of an engineered version of clotting factor VIII for hemophilia A, or IX for hemophilia B. People with hemophilia who receive donated blood products may be at risk of developing these diseases.

A CDC study of 3, people with hemophilia found that those who used a HTC were 40 percent less likely to die of a complication related to their condition.

To protect against injuries that can cause bleeding, a person can wear padding. Extra care is needed when participating in sports or high impact activities. Read this article in Spanish. If blood does not clot, life-threatening bleeding can occcur. Find out about how blood clots, how clotting factors work, and how treatment has…. Males inherit the X chromosome from their mothers and the Y chromosome from their fathers.

Females inherit one X chromosome from each parent. The X chromosome contains many genes that are not present on the Y chromosome. This means that males only have one copy of most of the genes on the X chromosome, whereas females have 2 copies. Thus, males can have a disease like hemophilia if they inherit an affected X chromosome that has a mutation in either the factor VIII or factor IX gene.

Females can also have hemophilia, but this is much rarer. In such cases both X chromosomes are affected or one is affected and the other is missing or inactive. In these females, bleeding symptoms may be similar to males with hemophilia. Sometimes a female who is a carrier can have symptoms of hemophilia.

In addition, she can pass the affected X chromosome with the clotting factor gene mutation on to her children. Learn more about the inheritance pattern for hemophilia. Even though hemophilia runs in families, some families have no prior history of family members with hemophilia. Sometimes, there are carrier females in the family, but no affected boys, just by chance. However, about one-third of the time, the baby with hemophilia is the first one in the family to be affected with a mutation in the gene for the clotting factor.

Please read the Duke Wordpress Policies. Contact the Duke WordPress team. Main menu Skip to content. Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that leads to poor clotting and continuous bleeding. Factor V Leiden is the most common hereditary hypercoagulability disorder among Eurasians. Those that have it are at a slightly higher risk of developing blood clots than those without.

Those that test positive for factor V should avoid oral contraceptives, obesity, smoking, and high blood pressure to reduce their risk of developing blood clots. Anemia is a decrease in number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood resulting in tissue hypoxia. At the beginning of the 20th century, hookworm infection was a major and severe problem in the southern United States. Hookworms mature in the small intestine where they bite into the villi of the small intestine and drink blood causing severe anemia.

Individuals suffering from hookworm are lethargic, have trouble focusing, and do not appear to be very intelligent. Many negative stereotypes of the South are based on individuals suffering from hookworm. When the Rockefeller Foundation provided funding to purge the worms from these individuals and to build outhouses so that they would not be re-infected, these Southerners became bright, energetic, and able to focus on school and work.

Anemia is a decrease in number of red blood cells RBCs , or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. It can include the decreased oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule due to deformity or lack in numerical development as in some other types of hemoglobin deficiencies. Because hemoglobin found inside RBCs normally carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, anemia leads to hypoxia lack of oxygen in organs.

Since all human cells depend on oxygen for survival, varying degrees of anemia can have a wide range of clinical consequences. Anemia is the most common disorder of the blood. There are several kinds, produced by a variety of underlying causes. It can be classified in a variety of ways, based on the morphology of RBCs, underlying etiologic mechanisms, and discernible clinical spectra, to mention a few.

The three main classes of anemia include excessive blood loss acutely, such as a hemorrhage or chronically, through low-volume loss , excessive blood cell destruction hemolysis , or deficient red blood cell production ineffective hematopoiesis. Anemia goes undiagnosed in many people, as symptoms can be minor or vague. The signs and symptoms can be related to the anemia itself, or the underlying cause. Most commonly, people report non-specific symptoms of a feeling of weakness, or fatigue, general malaise, and, sometimes, poor concentration.

They may also report dyspnea shortness of breath on exertion. In very severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood by increasing cardiac output. This would result in symptoms such as palpitations, angina if preexisting heart disease is present , intermittent claudication of the legs, and symptoms of heart failure. Symptoms of Anemia : Image displays the common symptoms of anemia.

Anemia is typically diagnosed on a complete blood count. Apart from reporting the number of red blood cells and the hemoglobin level, the automatic counters also measure the size of the red blood cells by flow cytometry, which is an important tool in distinguishing between the causes of anemia. Examination of a stained blood smear using a microscope can also be helpful and is sometimes a necessity in regions of the world where automated analysis is less accessible.

The reticulocyte production index is a calculation of the ratio between the level of anemia and the extent to which the reticulocyte count has risen in response. In the morphological approach, anemia is classified by the size of red blood cells.

This either done automatically or on microscopic examination of a peripheral blood smear. The size is reflected in the mean corpuscular volume MCV. This scheme quickly exposes some of the most common causes of anemia. For instance, a microcytic anemia smaller than usual red blood cells is often the result of iron deficiency. This is the most common type of anemia overall and it has many causes.

Iron is an essential part of hemoglobin, and low iron levels result in decreased incorporation of hemoglobin into red blood cells. Infants, toddlers, and pregnant women have higher-than-average needs. Increased iron intake is also needed to offset blood losses due to digestive tract issues, frequent blood donations, or heavy menstrual periods.

In the United States, the most common cause of iron deficiency is bleeding or blood loss, usually from the gastrointestinal tract. Fecal occult blood testing, upper endoscopy, and lower endoscopy should be performed to identify bleeding lesions.

In older men and women, the chances are higher that bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract could be due to colon polyp or colorectal cancer. Worldwide, the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia is parasitic infestation hookworm, amebiasis, schistosomiasis, and whipworm.

Sickle-cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic blood disorder in which red blood cells assume a rigid sickle shape. In the United States, sickle cell trait is most common among African Americans. However, anyone with ancestors from malarial zones should undergo genetic screening for sickle cell trait prior to pregnancy. This includes Southerners of European ancestry both because some of their ancestors may have come from circum-Mediterranean malarial zones, but also because recent DNA analysis has shown that a significant percentage have African ancestry.

This is not surprising since those of African descent formed the largest population segment in the South for or years. Sickle-cell disease SCD , or sickle-cell anemia, is an autosomal recessive genetic blood disorder with overdominance characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, and sickle shape. Some exhibit the normal donut-shaped morphology while others exhibit the sickle shape characteristic of those with sickle-cell trait or sickle-cell disease.

Sickle-cell disease, usually presenting in childhood, occurs more commonly in people or their descendants from parts of tropical and sub-tropical regions where malaria is or was common.